Steve Albers' CIRA Activities 4-1-2007 -----> 6-30-2007

LOCAL ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION SYSTEM (LAPS) _____________________________________________________

OVERVIEW

I report here on the development and implementation of meteorological analyses and forecasts for the Local Analysis and Prediction System within the Forecast Applications Branch (FAB). Background information about LAPS is available on the World Wide Web at http://laps.noaa.gov/. Other GSD projects include Science on a Sphere.

This report is organized with a section on LAPS improvements followed by a project highlights section. One key to our long term success is the ability to leverage similar work done for multiple projects into LAPS improvements, especially since only a small portion of our funding is specifically earmarked for such software development. Conversely, specific LAPS improvements often benefit multiple projects. The number of collaborative projects that I work on has become relatively large and these may not be fully reflected in the original CIRA statement of work due to the fluid nature of new contracts being agreed to at various times. To me this all lends credence to the notion of amalgamating some of the project work into common themes of software development for improved organization in this report.

LAPS ANALYSIS IMPROVEMENTS

I have been working to increase the versatility of LAPS analyses. They can handle more types of data in a greater variety of situations to provide more accurate analyses. The analyses are now better suited for forecaster interpretation and model initialization.

LAPS Observational Data Sets

Improvements were made in LAPS to analyze observations from new types of instruments and new data formats - thus expanding the envelope of meteorological data environments that we can operate in with our ever growing set of users.

A fix was made for the observation reader and converter that FAB colleague Yuanfu Xie had written so that it can simultaneously read wind and temperature observations. This applies to the GSI and potentially the DHS projects. Several library subroutines are being generalized to help with the converter software. A surface observation blacklist update was supplied by the Wichita WFO and will filter out many additional suspect observations, winds particularly.

Error handling for profiler/RASS NetCDF reads was improved by rearranging the if-then-else blocks. This should prevent memory overwrites by skipping the variable read when the variable doesn't exist. Boundary layer profiler/RASS ingest was made more robust in sorting out valid data reports from various times. SODAR ingest was flipped to read data in the normal convention from lower to higher levels. These improvements are benefitting various runs such as RSA range data ingest.

Surface Analysis

Allowable background dewpoint values were reduced to 70K as these can be returned by the 'make_td' routine when the model background (LGA) process generates LGB files. This will allow the surface dewpoint analysis to read in the background AVN/GFS field more reliably, albeit with some of the low dewpoint values present. Observation capacity was increased in logging and verification formatting Changes were made to the surface analysis to be more compatable with a one-executable version of LAPS, particularly in the top-level routines.

Radar Processing

I've worked towards more efficiency and other functional improvements for radar remapping and mosaicing. This is described in detail as follows.

We have a new domain radar list generator in place that runs during the localization. Scripts that drive the Archive-II to NetCDF converter were made more robust and flexible for both real-time and case study runs.

Radar polar-to-cartesian remapping code has a new error check for the number of radials. Quality control was improved in the 5km resolution regime. Radar data analysis in the vertical dimension now has improved gap filling capabilities between successive tilts.

In the radar mosacing program I reworked the looping strategy to allow a future memory saving option of rereading each radar individually. This program was also improved to more gracefully handle cases with missing radar data.

Clouds / Precipitation Analyses

New double precision calculations were added to assist in the transistion to a more efficient analysis of METAR observations over large domains.

Wind / Temperature Analyses

Further changes were made to the wind analysis to be more compatable with a one-executable version of LAPS, particularly in the top-level routines.

I improved the radar subsampling options allowing the wind analysis to run more efficiently on high resolution domains. The subsampling strategy thus allows for a greater number of multiple-Doppler radial velocity observations being fed into the wind analysis. One of these options filters the single-Doppler radar obs using a 5x5 window instead of a 3x3 window to pare them down better. Future changes are envisioned that would allow superobs to be constructed from the radar data. The wind analysis now handles cases where the number of Doppler radars exceeds the number of LAPS levels.

A capability was added to analyze single level soundings/towers from the SND intermediate file that should help with the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) database. Wind profile instrument error is now read in by the profile data access routine while the handling of wind profiler surface observations was improved. A new wind observation library was created to allow more widespread usage of these routines in the observation converter program for GSI, WRF/DHS, and related endeavours. Wind analysis post- processing routines were added to this library area to allow GSI and other software to utilize them. The wind verification statistics text output is now more user friendly.

General Software Improvements / Portability

Software logging, documentation, and reliability were improved. Error handling was also made more robust. LAPS Makefiles and build scripts were revised to improve reliability on various platforms. I helped to improve the organization of the scripts that pull and preprocess the LAPS case data from the Mass Store. LAPS execution scripts were made more flexible to enable web based localization. Obsolete software was removed.

Removed includes of 'lapsparms.cmn' in several library and other routines so that namelist variables are now accessed via subroutines. This makes the software more transparent with respect to ongoing changes in parameter naming and handling. Some parameters are being made more dynamic to help in this reorganization. The GRIB2 library is now more complete in the software repository.

Other interaction within and outside of GSD

I continue to give ~1 weather briefing per month.

WWW LAPS Interface

Support of plan view specific humidity image plots was added. Various image color tables were improved. Web plots for CAPE now have a better color table, and image plots will now work better on some of our small firewx domains. Plotting labels were cleaned up and improved. Radar reflectivity cross-sections for individual radars were improved to use the current vertical gap filling routines. Cross-section plots are now being displayed at higher horizontal resolution. The export version of our "on-the-fly" web page interface was updated from our latest in-house scripts.

PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

Central Weather Bureau (CWB)

Velocity de-aliasing software issues are being discussed with Dr. Shiow-Ming Deng of the CWB and he is working with us to improve the software. Documentation and organization were improved for the radar vertical velocity algorithm contributed by Dr. Adan Teng of the CWB. Working with Wen-ho Huang we moved some of the LAPS runs at the CWB over to a new platform. A LAPS project update was presented to visiting CWB officials in June.

Finnish Meteorological Institute

We enjoyed the visit of PhD student Erik Gregow from FMI and discussed a wide range of topics relating to running LAPS. Test runs were conducted both at GSD and at FMI. Observations such as surface data, meteorological towers, radars and satellites were addressed. In support of LAPS development for FMI the surface analysis "what-got-in" script should now work better for the FMI runs. We also discussed the setting up of LAPS output on the FMI website. Along these lines "lapsplot" now has improved support for metric units and displays cross-sections at full grid resolution.

AWIPS/WFO LAPS

We continue to work informally with several WFOs to support their on-site implementations of LAPS analyses. This includes locations such as Norman, Kansas City, Wichita, and Miami.

ESRL - FIRE

A web interface was developed that allows the end user (Redzone Inc.) to automatically move a fire analysis/forecast domain so that we can quickly respond to evolving fire situations. The LAPS analysis runs at 500m resolution and utilizes a downscaled RUC background together with the latest observational data. The relocatable 500-m resolution forecast downscales the latest NAM run into the future.

ATMET/AFTAC

LAPS software parameter definitions and input were reworked to be compatable with the single-executable version of LAPS we are developing with ATMET. The top level routines for the wind analysis and surface analyses were also reworked to enhance this compatability. Library modules were added to help interface top level and lower level subroutines for both the "standard" LAPS and the new single executable version.

Range Standardization and Automation (RSA)

Working with RSA contractors Lockheed-Martin and ACTA, we are characterizing and improving the completeness of the local range data being used in the LAPS analyses. Areas of focus include boundary layer profiler winds, RASS temperature profile availability and quality control, data from NEXRAD Level-III radars, SODARs, and NOAA buoys. A script for tarring up LAPS hourly data at the ranges was developed to assist in trouble shooting these and other issues.

Hydrometeorological Test Bed (HMT)

Discussions are underway with HMT participants to plan Science On a Sphere presentations highlighting water issues at the California State Fair that runs during August.

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

Discussions are underway with DHS and the Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) about LAPS and WRF runs over the National Capital Region. This includes supplying LAPS analyses and collaborating in the development of a converter that translates LAPS observations into WRF format for observation nudging experiments. This is being developed on GSD computer systems.

Science on a Sphere (SOS)

Global LAPS images were resized and color tables were improved for optimal SOS (and WWW) display characteristics.

I am continuing work on an overhaul of our IDL and related shell scripts that will QC and time interpolate the baseline AWC mosaics, then reproject and time interpolate an overlay of the Meteosat and MTSAT images. The goal is to produce a global IR satellite mosaic with improved time resolution compared to our existing real-time animations.

I conducted SOS demos for the Longmont Astronomical Society as well as a visiting astronomer from Maui. Plans are underway to conduct an SOS demo of planetary satellites for participants of a related conference being held in Boulder. I updated the global maps of Saturn's satellites Dione, Iapetus, and Titan based on recent Cassini spacecraft imagery.